Abstract: Wireless sensor networks have been widely used in people’s life. Based on the self-organization and energy consumption characteristics of WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) and LEACH routing protocol algorithm, this paper proposes a wireless sensor network algorithm suitable for concave mountain terrain that optimizes the information transmission direction of nodes. The algorithm improves the WSN networking method and adopts the method of preferring cluster heads closer to the base station for networking. Firstly, the network randomly generates the first batch of cluster-head nodes. Secondly, each cluster-head node collects the information of the nodes in the cluster, and meanwhile collects the remaining energy and position coordinate information of each node, which is then summarized and sent to the base station. Thirdly, the base station determines the cluster-head node of the next round according to the obtained information and broadcasts it to the whole network. Finally, each node selects the cluster head closer to the base station to network into the cluster to complete the information transmission. Through the simulation test on Matlab simulation software, the experimental results show that the algorithm described in this paper can effectively improve the wireless network life cycle, to a certain extent, balance the energy consumption of each node of the wireless network, and extend the service life of the network.

Key words: wireless sensor networks, LEACH Protocol, concave mountain terrain, average energy, energy consumption balance