Underwater wireless sensor networks is a high environment noise, large transmission delay, high bit error rate, multipath propagation, Doppler effect, timefrequencyspace stochastic channel. The complexity and variability of an underwater acoustic channel severely limit the performance of underwater acoustic communication. Using Matlab, the paper analyzes the influence of these factors on the underwater wireless sensor network communication performance, and provides a reference basis for designing feasible channel model of underwater wireless sensor networks, underwater reasonable topology and lowpower, highperformance routing protocol.