Abstract: Underwater wireless sensor network, as the application extension of wireless sensor network in underwater, has become a hot research topic. The problems of difficult energy replenishment, poor energy balance and short network lifetime in the underwater communications have not been solved. In order to improve the data delivery rate and prolong the lifetime of underwater wireless sensor network, it is very important to design a routing protocol suitable for dynamic changes of underwater topology and high energy balance. The Layer-based and Energy-Efficient Routing (LEER) protocol effectively solves the problem of routing packets to a void area. The optimized LEER Protocol adopts multi-sink topology. From the aspects of single-hop delay, residual energy, node density, and subsequent updating of the level of underwater nodes when they move, the energy balance optimization strategy of the underwater LEER protocol based on NS3 is proposed. Simulation results show that the optimized LEER protocol is superior to the LEER protocol in terms of energy balance, data delivery rate and adaptive dynamic topology. 

Key words: underwater wireless sensor network, LEER protocol, dynamic topology, energy balance